- Life is defined by a shared molecular architecture involving RNA, DNA, and proteins that process information and perform functions.
- The architecture includes DNA storing static genetic information, RNA transcribing that information, and proteins executing tasks like sensing and chemical reactions.
- Proteins enable algorithmic operations, such as 'if' statements through regulatory loops, by influencing gene expression based on environmental conditions.
- All life on Earth shares this architecture, simplifying the definition: anything with this architecture is alive, while viruses are considered software that runs on living hosts.
- Debates over life's definition often parallel distinguishing computers from other devices, but the shared biological architecture provides clarity.