- Polio eradication targets have been repeatedly missed since 2016, with cases fluctuating despite billions spent.
- Global cases reduced by 99.98% but transmission persists in Afghanistan and Pakistan due to operational challenges.
- Oral polio vaccine can mutate to cause vaccine-derived polio in low-immunity areas, complicating eradication.
- Violence, inaccessible regions, and bans on female vaccinators hinder campaigns in Pakistan and Afghanistan.
- A 30% budget cut and US disengagement from WHO have disrupted polio eradication infrastructure.
- Researchers doubt imminent success, with many calling for new strategies beyond business-as-usual approaches.
- Pre-emptive vaccination in vulnerable areas is essential but has been scaled back due to funding cuts.