Growth differentiation factor-15 and the incidence, bidirectional progression, and risk prediction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver diseas
2 hours ago
- #CKM syndrome
- #ASCVD
- #GDF-15
- GDF-15 is associated with increased risks of ASCVD, MASLD, and their comorbidity in individuals with CKM syndrome stages 0-3.
- Higher GDF-15 levels predict bidirectional progression between ASCVD and MASLD.
- Incorporating GDF-15 into established risk scores modestly improves risk prediction, particularly for ASCVD.
- GDF-15 outperforms several established biomarkers in risk prediction.
- GDF-15 may serve as a promising biomarker for cardiovascular-kidney-liver-metabolic syndrome risk stratification.