Multicentric Castleman Disease Initially Diagnosed as Disseminated Tuberculosis in an Adolescent Boy in Sokoto, Nigeria - PubMed
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- #Castleman Disease
- #Adolescent
- #Diagnostic Error
- Multicentric Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder with distinct histopathology, ranging from benign localized forms to potentially life-threatening multicentric types.
- A 13-year-old boy in Sokoto, Nigeria presented with fever, swelling, cough, and breathing difficulty, showing signs like lymphadenopathy, edema, and hepatosplenomegaly.
- Initial suspicion included disseminated tuberculosis and lymphoproliferative disease, but tests like GeneXpert and retroviral screening were negative.
- Diagnostic imaging revealed mediastinal shadows on chest X-ray and hypoechoic masses on abdominal ultrasound.
- Lymph node biopsy confirmed CD with characteristic 'onion-skin' appearance of lymphoid follicles, though HHV association was not excluded.
- This case highlights CD's clinical similarity to disseminated TB or lymphoma, emphasizing the need for early histological diagnosis in suspected cases.
- Caregivers were advised on chemotherapy but defaulted, and this is the first reported case of CD in a Nigerian child.