Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Anti-Diabetic Effects of Astragaloside IV: A Focus on Signaling Pathways - PubMed
3 hours ago
- #Diabetes Signaling Pathways
- #Astragaloside IV
- #Molecular Mechanisms
- Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder involving insulin resistance, metabolic imbalance, oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and disturbed cell-fate control.
- Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a bioactive saponin from Astragalus membranaceus, acts as a multi-target candidate for diabetes and its complications by regulating key signaling pathways.
- AS-IV improves insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism via PI3K/Akt activation, regulates energy and lipid metabolism through AMPK signaling, and suppresses inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome.
- It alleviates oxidative injury by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant axis and modulates autophagy, apoptosis, ferroptosis, and mitochondrial homeostasis for organ protection in diabetic complications.
- This review emphasizes a network-level integration of pathways, highlighting cross-talk among metabolic regulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and programmed cell fate.
- Current evidence is mainly preclinical, with translational barriers like low bioavailability, heterogeneous dosing, insufficient pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic data, and limited clinical validation requiring future research.