Mitochondrial Dynamics and Transfer in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Redox Regulation, Therapeutic Mechanisms, and Engineering Strategies - PubMed
2 hours ago
- #Redox Regulation
- #Mitochondrial Transfer
- #Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
- MSCs are therapeutic cells whose effectiveness depends on mitochondrial health and function.
- They can transfer functional mitochondria to damaged cells, restoring energy, regulating ROS, and aiding tissue repair.
- The review details MSC mitochondrial biology, including metabolic reprogramming, fusion-fission dynamics, mitophagy, and redox regulation.
- Redox networks involve mitochondrial ROS production, non-mitochondrial oxidases, and antioxidant signaling pathways like Nrf2/Keap1.
- Redox-dependent modifications affect mitochondrial transfer via connexin 43, Drp1 phosphorylation, and Miro1-mediated trafficking.
- Transfer routes include tunneling nanotubes, connexin 43-based communication, and extracellular vesicles under stress conditions.
- Preclinical studies show MSC mitochondrial transfer helps in diseases by preserving ATP, reducing oxidative damage, and altering cell phenotypes.
- Engineering strategies aim to improve mitochondrial delivery, but challenges include cell heterogeneity, quality control, and biosafety issues.
- Overall, mitochondrial dynamics and transfer link redox biology, metabolism, and regenerative medicine for future therapies.