Exosome-enabled bone defect repair: mechanistic foundations, bioengineered delivery, and artificial intelligence-driven translation - PubMed
6 hours ago
- #Bone Repair
- #Exosomes
- #Artificial Intelligence
- Exosomes are promising cell-free therapeutic candidates for bone defect repair due to their biocompatibility.
- Mechanisms of bone regeneration include osteogenic and angiogenic activation, osteoblast-osteoclast coupling modulation, immune regulation, and extracellular matrix remodeling.
- Engineering strategies improve exosome targeting, stability, and potency, while delivery platforms offer controlled release at defect sites.
- Artificial intelligence (AI) accelerates translation through exosome characterization, biomaterial design, and therapeutic response prediction.
- Challenges include heterogeneity in isolation, low yield, lack of standardization, and insufficient validation in disease-relevant models.
- Future directions focus on standardized manufacturing, mechanism-informed engineering, responsive delivery systems, and AI-driven design-control pipelines.