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Innate immune recognition and evasion strategies of hepatitis B virus: from DNA to RNA and viral proteins - PubMed

6 hours ago
  • #immune evasion
  • #innate immunity
  • #HBV
  • Innate immunity detects HBV through PAMPs, inducing interferons and interferon-stimulated genes.
  • HBV evades immune detection via cccDNA's low immunogenicity and dampened cGAS-STING signaling.
  • Nuclear IFI16 and ABCF1 bind cccDNA to suppress transcription; APOBEC3A deamination requires strong interferon signaling.
  • TLR3/7/8 and RIG-I sense HBV RNA; HBV counters RLR pathways via ADAR1, TIAR, and metabolic checkpoints.
  • HBsAg blocks IFN induction by inhibiting the TAK1-TAB2-NF-κB/IRF axis.
  • HBx sustains cccDNA transcription by degrading Smc5/6 and broadly suppresses PRR/IFN signaling; TRIM25 acts as a host restriction factor.
  • Potential therapeutic strategies include PRR agonists, MAVS sensitization, metabolic disinhibition, and targeting the HBx-DDB1 axis.