Global epidemiology of myocarditis: disparities in age, sex and geography - PubMed

6 hours ago

Myocarditis has substantial global morbidity and mortality, with about 1 million new cases and 17,000 deaths annually.
Incidence varies by geography, sex, and age; etiology is multifactorial, influenced by regional and socioeconomic factors.
In high-income countries, parvovirus B19 and human herpesvirus 6 are common causes of lymphocytic myocarditis, especially in children.
In low-to-middle-income countries, pathogens like dengue virus, HIV, malaria, and Chagas disease are predominant.
Systemic autoimmune conditions, genetic predisposition, and iatrogenic triggers (e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors, gene therapies) also contribute.
Challenges include variability in diagnostic criteria and scarce biopsy-confirmed data, hindering accurate global prevalence estimates.
Future research priorities include multicentric registries, multi-omics risk stratification, novel biomarkers, and advanced imaging to improve surveillance and treatment.

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