Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: Advances in early detection and monitoring of age-related neurodegeneration - PubMed
3 months ago
- #Alzheimer's disease
- #Biomarkers
- #Early detection
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) accounts for over 60% of dementia cases globally, with prevalence projected to exceed 100 million by 2050.
- Traditional diagnostic methods like CSF analysis and neuroimaging are limited by invasiveness, high costs, and accessibility issues.
- Blood-based biomarkers such as p-tau217, p-tau181, NfL, GFAP, and amyloid-β42/40 ratio show high diagnostic accuracy, with p-tau217 achieving AUC values >0.93.
- These biomarkers can detect pathological changes 15-20 years before symptom onset, with plasma p-tau217 levels increasing over 8.5% annually during preclinical stages.
- Dried blood spots (DBS) offer superior representation of brain-derived substances and, combined with ultrasensitive technologies like Simoa and mass spectrometry, enable femtomolar-level detection.
- Challenges remain in assay standardization and population-specific validation, but integrating blood biomarkers with DBS technology could revolutionize early AD detection and intervention.