Gut microbiome in type 2 diabetes: insights from metagenomics, multi-omics, and diet-microbe interactions - PubMed
6 hours ago
- #Metagenomics
- #Type 2 diabetes
- #Gut microbiome
- Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is influenced by interactions between environmental exposures and host biology, leading to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction.
- Gut microbiome studies identify a T2D-associated signature with reduced short-chain fatty acid-producing taxa and increased pro-inflammatory microorganisms.
- Functional profiling links microbial shifts to metabolic changes affecting gut barrier integrity, inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell function.
- Integrative multi-omics approaches connect microbial genetic potential to in vivo activity, though challenges like temporal variability and annotation gaps exist.
- Strain-resolved analyses show disease-associated functions are often lineage-specific, refining microbial targets for T2D.
- Diet significantly impacts microbial ecology, supporting microbiome-informed precision nutrition strategies.
- Emerging evidence highlights the role of non-bacterial microbiome components (e.g., viruses, fungi) in T2D.
- Translational opportunities require diverse cohorts, mechanistic validation, and controlled trials for microbiome-directed T2D interventions.