The Math of Shuffling Cards

5 days ago

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Shuffling a deck of 52 playing cards creates a unique arrangement with a probability of 1 in 52! (a number with 67 zeros).
The probability that any two people shuffle a deck into the same order is astronomically low, similar to the birthday paradox.
Even with 8 billion people each shuffling 100 decks in their lifetime, the chance of a duplicate shuffle remains negligible.
Online poker faced security issues in the 1990s due to flawed shuffling algorithms that limited possible deck arrangements.
The Fisher-Yates (Knuth shuffle) algorithm is now commonly used for secure and fair online card shuffling.

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