SGLT2 inhibitors and AMPK crosstalk in diabetes mellitus: mechanistic insights and therapeutic applications - PubMed
6 hours ago
- #diabetes mellitus
- #SGLT2 inhibitors
- #AMPK
- SGLT2 inhibitors are a key treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), offering benefits beyond glycemic control.
- These inhibitors interact with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a regulator of cellular energy balance, activating it through various mechanisms.
- Different SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g., empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin) activate AMPK via distinct pathways, leading to protective effects.
- AMPK activation promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy, antioxidant responses, and inhibits harmful signaling pathways like mTOR/NF-κB.
- The SGLT2-AMPK interaction enhances insulin sensitivity, reduces oxidative stress, and supports heart, kidney, and liver function.
- Potential drawbacks include a theoretical risk of muscle atrophy due to prolonged AMPK activation.
- The review highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting the SGLT2-AMPK axis in diabetes and related complications.