Impacts of menopausal hormone therapy on Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: A systematic review - PubMed
5 hours ago
- #menopausal hormone therapy
- #Alzheimer's disease
- #biomarkers
- Early or continuous transdermal 17β-estradiol is linked with lower CSF and plasma p-tau181 and preserved glucose metabolism in AD-vulnerable brain regions.
- Neuroimaging studies show decreased amyloid deposition and sustained metabolic benefits years after discontinuing certain MHT regimens.
- Oral conjugated equine estrogens and estrogen-progestin regimens lead to neutral or unfavorable biomarker trends, especially if initiated over five years after menopause.
- MHT effects on AD biomarkers depend on timing, formulation, and hormonal composition; early transdermal estradiol appears neuroprotective, while delayed or combined therapies may negate benefits.