Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in contemporary cardiology: physiological insights, novel applications and evolving algorithms - PubMed
5 hours ago
- #Heart Failure
- #Exercise Testing
- #Cardiology
- Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) assesses exercise intolerance by evaluating pulmonary, cardiovascular, muscular, and cellular oxidative systems.
- CPET is standard for diagnosing exercise intolerance, especially in heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
- Invasive CPET (iCPET) is increasingly used for diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension.
- Combining CPET with echocardiography (CPET imaging) provides additional insights into atrial and biventricular valve function, though less accurate for hemodynamic assessment.
- New algorithms are being developed to categorize unexplained dyspnoea in HFpEF, beyond traditional gas exchange classifications.
- Advancements include wearable systems and artificial intelligence for estimating peak oxygen consumption.
- This review highlights modern applications and future perspectives of CPET in cardiology.