Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonism and Muscle Health: Vascular and Myocellular Effects on Glucose and Protein Metabolism - PubMed

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GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) improve glycaemia and reduce body weight, but their effects on skeletal muscle are not fully understood.
GLP-1 RAs recruit microvasculature in muscle, enhancing capillary surface area and improving delivery of insulin, glucose, and amino acids.
Microvascular recruitment increases interstitial insulin availability, boosting insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis.
Direct effects of GLP-1 on muscle cells are still under investigation.
For protein metabolism, GLP-1 RAs may enhance muscle protein synthesis when amino acid availability is high, but effects under fasting conditions are unclear.
The presence of GLP-1 receptors in human muscle cells is uncertain, which complicates understanding direct versus perfusion-mediated actions.
Clinically, GLP-1 RAs reduce lean body mass, likely due to energy deficits, but studies on muscle mass are limited.
GLP-1 RAs show beneficial effects on muscle vasculature and glucose metabolism, but their impact on protein turnover remains unclear.
Preclinical data suggest potential favorable effects on muscle protein metabolism, but human studies are needed for confirmation.

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