Immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: From molecular mechanisms to precision medicine-overcoming resistance and optimizing clinical outcomes - PubMed
5 hours ago
- #Triple-negative breast cancer
- #Precision medicine
- #Immunotherapy
- Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks ER, PR, and HER2 expression and has a poor survival rate.
- Immunotherapy advancements have transformed TNBC treatment due to its immunogenic features like high TMB, HRD, and TILs.
- Pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy shows significant survival benefits in early-stage TNBC (KEYNOTE-522 trial).
- Resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) occurs in 40-50% of patients due to tumor-intrinsic signaling and microenvironment interactions.
- Precision medicine strategies include PARP inhibitors, dual-checkpoint therapy, CD40-based myeloid reprogramming, and metabolic checkpoint inhibitors.
- Next-generation approaches involve nanotechnology, AI-driven biomarkers, neoantigen-mRNA vaccines, and gut microbiome modulation.
- Multi-omics and computational innovations are shifting TNBC from a fatal disease to a potentially curable one.
- Future challenges include predictive biomarkers, equitable access, and managing immune toxicity.