ELN orchestrates prometastatic and immunosuppressive niche in bladder cancer via TGFB1 autocrine signaling - PubMed
4 hours ago
- #tumor microenvironment
- #bladder cancer
- #immunotherapy
- ELN, secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts, promotes metastasis and immune evasion in bladder cancer.
- ELN binds to TGFBR2, activating SMAD2/3 and triggering TGF-β1 secretion, forming a feed-forward loop that enhances metastatic capacity and immunosuppression.
- Blocking the ELN-TGFBR2 interaction suppresses metastasis and restores anti-tumor immunity, suggesting a new therapeutic strategy to improve immunotherapy outcomes.