Ancient DNA reveals 4000 years of grapevine diversity and viticulture in France
15 hours ago
- #viticulture history
- #grapevine domestication
- #ancient DNA
- Ancient DNA analysis of 49 grape pips from France spanning 4000 years reveals the genetic diversity and evolution of grapevine cultivation.
- Bronze Age samples show genetic continuity with local wild grapevines (Syl-W2 lineage), indicating minimal influence from domesticated varieties for over 4000 years.
- Domesticated grapevines were introduced in southern France by ~625-500 BCE, with genetic affinities to modern western European, Iberian, and Levantine cultivars.
- Roman-era genomes reflect long-distance exchange, with genetic contributions from Iberian, Balkan, Levantine, and Caucasian grapevine varieties.
- Vegetative propagation (clonal reproduction) was widespread by the mid-Iron Age, with genetically identical clones found across distant sites and centuries.
- A Medieval grape pip from Valenciennes (1400–1500 CE) is genetically identical to modern 'Pinot Noir,' demonstrating clonal continuity over nearly 600 years.
- The study highlights the role of clonal propagation and trade networks in shaping the genetic landscape of French viticulture.