Potential Role of Extrapineal Melatonin as a Neurohormone in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease: Unanswered Questions - PubMed

5 days ago

Melatonin is produced in both pineal and extrapineal tissues, with reduced levels observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
The effectiveness of melatonin therapy in AD patients has been insignificant despite its decline in AD biological fluids.
Alterations in local melatonin synthesis in pathological conditions are noted, but physiological or pathological modulators remain unclear.
A decline in hippocampal melatonin synthesis enzyme has been reported in amyloid-β neurotoxicity, linked to cognitive decline.
This review examines melatonin's impact on memory and cognitive function in AD, highlighting the role of brain (extrapineal) melatonin synthesis.
Key areas for future research include understanding extrapineal melatonin synthesis induction, dosing optimization, gender differences, and microbiota-melatonin interactions.

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