The immune landscape of systemic sclerosis: from pathogenic mechanisms to precision therapeutic breakthroughs - PubMed
6 hours ago
- #systemic sclerosis
- #precision medicine
- #immune microenvironment
- Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease involving immune dysregulation, microvascular damage, and multi-organ fibrosis.
- Recent single-cell and spatial multi-omics technologies reveal high heterogeneity in the SSc immune microenvironment, including aberrant activation of innate and adaptive immunity.
- The 'immune-stromal-vascular' network drives fibrosis through interactions between immune cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells.
- Disease subtyping now includes molecular classifications (e.g., inflammatory, fibrotic), aiding precision therapeutic strategies.
- Emerging therapies target IL-6 receptor (tocilizumab), B cells (rituximab, belimumab, CAR-T), JAK-STAT pathway (tofacitinib, baricitinib), and T-cell co-stimulation (abatacept).
- Challenges include treatment response heterogeneity, difficulty in reversing fibrosis, and lack of biomarkers.
- Future research aims to integrate multi-omics and AI for predictive models, multi-target combination therapies, and individualized treatment approaches.