Efficient C++ Programming for Modern C++ CPUs, Chapter 4/part 2
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- #CPU Performance
- #C++ Optimization
- #Hardware Costs
- Multiplication and division have higher latencies compared to other operations, with division being particularly expensive.
- RTTI, especially dynamic_cast, can be up to 5 times more costly than a simple virtual function call.
- C++ exceptions are efficient for rare errors but costly when triggered, with exceptions costing thousands of cycles.
- Atomic operations like CAS involve significant latency and side effects, affecting performance in multi-core systems.
- Function calls cost around 15-30 cycles, with indirect and virtual calls being more expensive.
- Inlining functions can optimize code by removing call overhead and enabling compiler optimizations.
- Thread Local Storage access involves extra indirections, varying by compiler and platform.
- Thread context switches are expensive, with direct costs around 2,000 cycles and indirect cache invalidation costs potentially reaching millions of cycles.