From phenotype to biology: a multi-modal roadmap of biofluid, tissue, imaging, and digital biomarkers in Parkinson's disease - PubMed
4 hours ago
- #Biomarkers
- #Parkinson's disease
- #Neuroimaging
- Parkinson's disease (PD) is transitioning from a clinical syndrome to a biological entity with classification systems like NSD-ISS and SynNeurGe.
- Fluid and tissue biomarkers, including α-synuclein seed amplification assays, enable detection of synucleinopathy in biofluids and skin for diagnosis.
- Extracellular vesicles offer cell-specific profiles, and neurofilament light chain indicates neuroaxonal injury.
- Neuroimaging techniques (MRI, MRS, αSyn PET) capture in vivo pathology like nigral degeneration and metabolic imbalances.
- Digital biomarkers from wearables and videos quantify real-world motor and non-motor symptoms for continuous monitoring.
- Integration of multimodal biomarkers is key for biological definition, patient stratification, and targeted therapy development.
- Standardization, validation, and clinical guidance are needed to translate these methods into PD practice.