The role of microbiota derived metabolites in modulating diabetic inflammation: a systematic review - PubMed
5 hours ago
- #microbiota
- #diabetes
- #inflammation
- Gut microbiota-derived metabolites (MDMs) play a key role in modulating immune and metabolic pathways in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inflammation.
- Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like acetate, propionate, and butyrate from dietary fiber fermentation improve insulin sensitivity and reduce inflammation by signaling through GPR41 and GPR43 receptors.
- High-fiber or SCFA-enriching interventions can increase circulating SCFAs by 20-50%, reduce proinflammatory cytokines, and improve insulin sensitivity in T2DM patients.
- Butyrate acts as a histone deacetylase inhibitor and activates AMPK/p38 pathways to enhance insulin sensitivity.
- T2DM is associated with a loss of butyrate-producing bacteria, highlighting the importance of gut microbiota balance.
- FXR activation and TGR5 agonists lower fasting glucose and attenuate hepatic inflammation, showing promise in preclinical models.
- Bile acid-based therapies, such as ursodeoxycholic acid, reduce oxidative stress and improve metabolic indices in T2DM patients.
- Higher levels of indole propionate are linked to lower T2DM risk, while elevated kynurenine metabolites and TMAO correlate with increased diabetes incidence and vascular inflammation.
- MDMs modulate pathways like GPR41/43, FXR/TGR5, and AhR to mitigate diabetic inflammation, supporting microbiota- and metabolite-based therapeutic strategies.