How Fast Is the Universe Really Expanding?

9 hours ago

The universe's expansion is accelerating due to dark energy, a discovery that won the Nobel Prize in 2011.
The Hubble tension arises from a significant discrepancy between local measurements of the expansion rate (using supernovae) and predictions from the cosmic microwave background based on the Lambda-CDM model.
The Lambda-CDM standard model is highly successful but may have cracks, as multiple independent measurements consistently show a mismatch.
Adam Riess continues to refine distance measurements using the Hubble and James Webb Space Telescopes, finding no errors in local observations.
Future telescopes like the Nancy Grace Roman, Euclid, and Vera Rubin are expected to provide new data to resolve the Hubble tension.
The scientific process emphasizes redundancy, cross-checking, and open-mindedness, with the potential for either missing physics or a conceptual overhaul.

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