- AI companies are bulk-buying rare and out-of-print books, cutting the spines, scanning the pages, and disposing of the originals.
- Pre-2022 books are preferred as they are considered free of AI-generated content, with orders of up to one million volumes facilitated anonymously by services like ISBNdb.
- A federal judge ruled that digitizing purchased books and destroying physical copies qualifies as fair use, citing the replacement of print with digital without redistribution.
- Anthropic’s Project Panama aimed to destructively scan all books in the world, using hydraulic cutters and industrial scanners, with physical materials recycled or disposed of.
- Booksellers in multiple countries reported unusual bulk orders for niche titles, not matching typical collector patterns, often from anonymous buyers.
- Destructive scanning is faster and cheaper than non-destructive methods, and the elimination of physical copies ensures only one digital version exists, aiding fair-use arguments.
- AI tools like Character.ai and others can rewrite or alter public domain works, raising concerns about digital modification of original texts and the role of physical books as static references.
- Used-book dealers worry about the loss of rare editions with few surviving copies, while some compare the practice to themes in George Orwell’s '1984' where records are destroyed and rewritten.
- No official government or library guidance has been issued, but readers are increasingly buying physical copies to preserve personal records outside digital systems.