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- Peasants in the feudal era lacked basic rights: no voting, no free speech, and no way to challenge lords without risking execution.
- Peasants were illiterate and isolated, making it impossible to organize resistance, send messages, or seek help beyond their village.
- Escaping serfdom was nearly impossible due to restricted movement, surveillance, and the risk of being returned by neighboring lords.
- Peasants had no means to fight back effectively, as they lacked weapons, armor, and military training, facing overwhelming odds against knights.
- The oppressive feudal system persisted until the Black Death caused major societal disruption, allowing new systems to emerge.