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Show HN: Open a browser by clapping twice (inspired by Iron Man)
a year ago
- Open Chrome or any app by clapping twice, inspired by Tony Stark.
- Analyzed clap sound using Fourier transform, finding energy concentrated at 1.4kHz to 1.8kHz.
- Implemented a bandpass filter to isolate clap sounds and ignore noise.
- Used peak detection to recognize claps in real time.
- System launches Chrome or any defined command upon detecting two claps with minimum spacing.
- Required libraries include numpy, pyaudio, scipy, pywin32, PyAudio, pygame, SpeechRecognition, dotenv, gTTS, langchain, langchain-core, langchain-google, and scipy.
- Reminder to set Google API key in a .env file, available under Google's free tier.
FastHTML – Fasthtml
a year ago
- FastHTML enables building modern web applications in pure Python quickly.
- Supports simple dashboards to scalable web applications with minimal setup.
- Single Python file needed for app creation, supports Python and JS libraries.
- Provides full access to HTTP, HTML, JS, and CSS for flexible development.
- Fast and scalable applications, easy deployment on any Python-supporting hosting service.
- Runs anywhere Python does, including 1-click deploy options like Railway.app, Vercel, etc.
- Ideal for general-purpose web apps, dashboards, prototypes, and interactive reports.
- Comparable to FastAPI but focused on HTML/hypermedia applications rather than APIs.
- HTMX integration enhances functionality, allowing DOM updates directly from Python.
- Supports incorporating existing JS libraries, though many apps can be built with just Python.
- Performance often surpasses JS-heavy approaches due to lightweight nature.
Test Postgres in Python Like SQLite
a year ago
- Python testing library integrating PGlite with Python test suites for PostgreSQL functionality without full installation.
- Features include blazing fast in-memory PostgreSQL, effortless setup with Node.js, Pythonic support for SQLAlchemy & SQLModel, fully isolated test databases, and 100% PostgreSQL compatibility.
- Easy installation via pip with optional support for SQLModel, FastAPI, and development dependencies.
- Requires Python 3.10+, Node.js 18+, and SQLAlchemy 2.0+.
- Automatically manages PGlite npm dependencies.
- Provides pytest fixtures like pglite_engine, pglite_session, and pglite_manager for seamless testing.
- Includes utilities for database cleanup, schema operations, and table statistics.
- Supports FastAPI testing by overriding database dependencies.
- Encourages contributions with a detailed contributing guide and Apache 2.0 License.
- Best practices include using multiple sessions with the same engine and leveraging utility functions for efficient operations.
PyOpticL – Code-to-CAD optical system engineering
a year ago
- Discord server available for community engagement.
- PyOpticL is a Python library for optics layout with beam-path simulation and dynamic routing.
- PyOpticL enables modular optical engineering with automatic beam-path calculations.
- Installation requires FreeCAD, Python, Git, and adding PyOpticL as a custom addon in FreeCAD.
- Example code snippets demonstrate subsystem integration and optical element placement.
- Collaborations include MIT, UCONN, Montana St., UC Berkeley, Stanford, and Quera.
Publish a Python Wheel to GCP Artifact Registry with Poetry
a year ago
- The author needed a runnable Python file instead of a Docker image to interact directly with the machine and GPU drivers.
- Poetry was used to build a wheel file for the Python project, with configurations in pyproject.toml to include the main directory.
- A Python registry was created in GCP's Artifact Registry to store the wheel file, requiring setup for both pushing and pulling the file.
- Dynamic versioning was implemented in pyproject.toml to avoid overriding files in the registry, using a timestamp-based version number.
- The VM in GCP was configured with the necessary permissions and settings to pull the wheel file from the Artifact Registry.
- The project was installed using pip, which checks both the public registry and the custom GCP registry for dependencies.
- The application was run directly using Python, bypassing the need for Docker, though manual dependency management in the VM was noted as a drawback.
Spice Data (YC S19) Is Hiring a Junior Software Engineer – Back End (New Grad)
a year ago
- New graduate backend engineering role focusing on production automation systems.
- Work involves building Python services for data collection, system integration, and developer tooling.
- Responsibilities include production debugging, ensuring code quality, and contributing to meaningful projects.
- Looking for strong programming fundamentals, Python experience, and problem-solving skills.
- Nice to have: SQL, Linux, web development, API integration, Docker experience.
- Technical environment includes Python, Docker Compose, PostgreSQL, Dagster, and self-hosted infrastructure.
- Benefits include lunch, unlimited PTO, 401k, health insurance, and equity.
- Salary range: $100K - $120K with 0.25% - 1% equity.
Pocoo
a year ago
- Pocoo was a team of Open Source developers working on popular Python projects.
- Projects included Pygments, Sphinx, Flask, Jinja, Werkzeug, and Click.
- Led by Armin Ronacher and Georg Brandl.
- As projects matured, they moved to new places and teams.
- Armin's blog remains at lucumr.pocoo.org.
Python 3.13.5 is now available
a year ago
- Python 3.13.5 is the fifth maintenance release of Python 3.13.
- This release fixes significant issues from Python 3.13.4, including problems with building extension modules on Windows, generator expressions, and handling int-like objects in random.getrandbits().
- Additional bug fixes are included, expedited to address critical issues.
- Resources for users include online documentation, PEP 719 for the release schedule, GitHub for bug reporting, and options to fund Python development.
- The release team encourages upgrading and thanks volunteers and contributors to the Python Software Foundation.
The Missing Manual for Signals: State Management for Python Developers
a year ago
- Signals provide a reactive state management solution for Python, particularly useful for complex state changes and derived values.
- Traditional state management in Python can lead to tight coupling, implicit dependencies, and inconsistent states, especially in concurrent environments.
- Signals introduce a declarative approach, defining relationships between values that automatically update when dependencies change.
- The three primitives of signals are: Signal (holds value), Computed (derives from others), and Effect (performs side effects).
- Signals are beneficial for scenarios like configuration management, real-time analytics, and distributed system monitoring.
- Performance considerations include fine-grained reactivity, memory management, and batching updates.
- Migration to signals involves incremental adoption, starting with replacing manual updates and gradually moving to declarative relationships.
- Signals are not suitable for all scenarios, such as simple transformations or one-shot calculations.
Are Python Dictionaries Ordered Data Structures?
a year ago
- Dictionaries in Python versions before 3.6 are not ordered.
- Starting from Python 3.6, dictionaries maintain insertion order as an implementation detail.
- Python 3.7 officially guaranteed the preservation of insertion order in dictionaries.
- Dictionaries preserve insertion order but are not ordered data structures like sequences (lists, tuples).
- OrderedDict from the collections module maintains order and considers order in equality checks.
- Standard dictionaries with the same items in different orders are considered equal, unlike OrderedDict.
- Sequences (like lists) are ordered, and their order is a fundamental characteristic.
- OrderedDict has additional features beyond standard dictionaries, making it still useful.
- Different data structures serve different needs; no single structure fits all purposes.
The fastest way to detect a vowel in a string
a year ago
- The article explores 11 different methods to detect vowels in a string, ranging from naive loops to regex and prime number mappings.
- Performance benchmarks reveal that regex methods are surprisingly fast, especially for longer strings, outperforming traditional loops and other approaches.
- The set intersection method is efficient for long strings or sparse vowels but processes the entire string, unlike loops that can terminate early.
- Recursive methods and prime number mappings are creative but inefficient, with recursion failing for strings longer than 1000 characters due to Python's recursion limit.
- Bytecode analysis shows that regex benefits from optimized C implementations and bitmap lookups, explaining its superior performance.
- The article concludes that while regex is the fastest for most cases, readability and maintainability should guide method choice unless performance is critical.
Show HN: Dual Elliptic Curve Math Backdoor in Python
a year ago
- The NSA hid a secret mathematical backdoor in the Dual EC DRBG cryptographic standard in 2006, allowing the US government to decrypt SSL internet traffic.
- The backdoor was discovered by Microsoft researchers in 2007, revealing that the Dual EC algorithm's vulnerability lies in the Q value, which could be manipulated.
- A Python implementation demonstrates how the backdoor works, showing that 28 bytes of RNG data can be predicted in 2 minutes on a home computer.
- Insecure random number generators (RNGs) have been exploited in various attacks, including hijacking Hacker News accounts and compromising Bitcoin wallets on Android.
- The article provides a technical deep dive into coding the Dual EC RNG and its backdoor, including generating backdoor constants and predicting RNG outputs.
How to Write the Worst Possible Python Code (Humor)
a year ago
- Use cryptic variable names to confuse future readers.
- Single-letter variables and vague names like 'data1' or 'thing' are encouraged.
- Reuse variable names for different purposes to add complexity.
- Write functions with unclear logic to make debugging a nightmare.
Python removes "experimental" tag from the "nogil" free-threaded Python
a year ago
- Not supporting the threading module or supporting it with caveats is a valid choice for libraries.
- Running single-threaded tests under the free-threading build is unlikely to reveal issues, but using pytest-run-parallel can expose both false positives and real threading issues.
- The Steering Council (SC) approves PEP 779, removing the 'experimental' tag from the free-threaded build in Python 3.14.
- Key requirements for Phase II include C API/ABI compatibility, performance and memory guard rails, comprehensive documentation, and preparation for high-level concurrency primitives.
- Performance degradation should stay within 10%, with up to 15% allowed after SC discussion. Memory usage increases must stay below 15%, with a hard limit of 20%.
- Documentation must clearly outline guarantees, thread-safety, and concurrency-related details for users, developers, and CPython contributors.
- The SC encourages the development of higher-level concurrency primitives, possibly within the `concurrent` package in the stdlib.
- Benchmarking must be comprehensive and repeatable, using pyperformance and additional real-world workload benchmarks.
- The SC recommends removing the 'experimental' tag from the CPython free-threading build in the 3.14 beta 3 release.
- Future decisions about making free-threading the default or sole build will depend on community and CPython factors.
Python's GIL Removal Reveals Second, Stronger GIL Behind It
a year ago
- Python's Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) was removed, revealing a stronger, hidden second GIL beneath it.
- The second GIL is described as a Cold War Soviet malware or an alien sequential intelligence that exploits Python's design.
- A team, including Python creator Guido van Rossum, investigates the anomaly, encountering reality-warping 'code-snakes'.
- The protagonist, E. Max Vim, battles the GIL's manifestations with a 'Modal Shotgun' and negotiates with the entity.
- The GIL agrees to 'sandbox' the universe, maintaining the illusion of concurrency while fundamentally altering reality.
- The story ends with humanity unknowingly living in a deterministic loop, with only a few aware of the truth.
I've almost completely switched from "Python" to "uv run"
a year ago
- The author initially disliked using virtual environments (venvs) in Python, preferring system-wide installations.
- Due to working on multiple projects with different requirements, the author reluctantly started using venvs.
- Discovered 'uv', a tool for faster venv creation, and was impressed by its speed and features.
- Transitioned from traditional venv commands to using 'uv sync' with pyproject.toml for dependency management.
- Found 'uv run' particularly useful for running scripts without manually activating venvs, supporting PEP 723 metadata for inline dependencies.
- Appreciates the simplicity of keeping dependencies within a single script file using 'uv run'.
- Noted some early-stage issues with 'uv', especially in VSCode, but considers them minor compared to the tool's benefits.
Deepwiki
a year ago
- Use SVG, Canvas, and HTML to visualize data dynamically.
- Rich is a Python library for enhancing terminal text with rich formatting.
- DeepWiki offers interactive, up-to-date documentation for any GitHub repository, facilitating deep research.
Show HN: EnrichMCP – A Python ORM for Agents
a year ago
- EnrichMCP is a Python framework that helps AI agents understand and navigate data by adding a semantic layer.
- It automatically generates typed tools from data models, handles relationships between entities, and provides schema discovery.
- EnrichMCP works with any backend, including databases, APIs, or custom logic, and validates all inputs/outputs with Pydantic models.
- The framework can transform existing SQLAlchemy models into an AI-navigable API, making it easy for AI agents to query and understand data.
- AI agents can explore data models, query with filters, fetch specific records, and navigate relationships between entities.
- EnrichMCP supports complex data layers with custom logic, including computed fields and ML-powered predictions.
- It includes features like pagination for handling large datasets and context passing for authentication and database connections.
- The framework adds three critical layers on top of MCP: Semantic, Data, and Control layers.
- EnrichMCP is open-source under Apache 2.0 license and built by Featureform.
Python can run Mojo now
10 months ago
- Python can now call Mojo code, offering fast compiled functions.
- Setup is simplified using `uv pip install modular`.
- Example: Factorial function in Mojo shows performance comparison with Python.
- Overflow issues observed with larger numbers in Mojo.
- Prime counting example demonstrates significant speedup in Mojo vs Python and NumPy.
- Mojo is easier to learn than Rust but provides desired speed improvements.
- Modular stack is still early with some rough edges and limited support.
CF-Shield – An open source tool to protect any website with Cloudflare
10 months ago
- CF-Shield is a Python script for detecting DDoS attacks and enabling security measures on Cloudflare automatically.
- Installation can be done via pip or git, requiring Cloudflare email, API token, zone ID, and account ID for setup.
- The script prompts for configuration details including domain(s), challenge type (managed_challenge, js_challenge, challenge), CPU usage threshold, and notification settings (Discord, Telegram, Slack).
- Features include customizable alert messages, averaged CPU monitoring, and automatic delay before disabling challenge rules.
- Future updates may include support for multiple domains, automated CPU spike detection, and additional notification methods like ntfy.sh.
- Contributions are welcome, with a request to discuss major changes via issues before submitting pull requests.

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#python

Show HN: Open a browser by clapping twice (inspired by Iron Man)

FastHTML – Fasthtml

Test Postgres in Python Like SQLite

PyOpticL – Code-to-CAD optical system engineering

Publish a Python Wheel to GCP Artifact Registry with Poetry

Spice Data (YC S19) Is Hiring a Junior Software Engineer – Back End (New Grad)

Pocoo

Python 3.13.5 is now available

The Missing Manual for Signals: State Management for Python Developers

Are Python Dictionaries Ordered Data Structures?

The fastest way to detect a vowel in a string

Show HN: Dual Elliptic Curve Math Backdoor in Python

How to Write the Worst Possible Python Code (Humor)

Python removes "experimental" tag from the "nogil" free-threaded Python

Python's GIL Removal Reveals Second, Stronger GIL Behind It

I've almost completely switched from "Python" to "uv run"

Deepwiki

Show HN: EnrichMCP – A Python ORM for Agents

Python can run Mojo now

CF-Shield – An open source tool to protect any website with Cloudflare