- Anti-fraud tools lag behind scammers who exploit cheap internet calling and artificial intelligence.
- No single solution exists; authentication, traceback, call blocking, and enforcement must work together.
- STIR/SHAKEN authentication is not a silver bullet; bad actors obtain legitimate numbers to bypass it.
- Carriers lack visibility into call content, making customer vetting crucial.
- Consumers should report spam messages and pause before responding to suspicious calls.
- Enforcement is improving due to a federal executive order targeting transnational scam operations.
- Holding carriers liable for phishing losses risks overblocking and is not a simple fix.