- Namespaces in C++ allow avoiding name collisions, with the standard library living in the std:: namespace.
- Classes are essentially C structs with member functions, using a hidden 'this' pointer for method calls.
- RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization) uses constructors and destructors to automatically manage resources like file handles.
- Smart pointers like std::shared_ptr and std::unique_ptr provide automatic memory management with reference counting or zero overhead.
- C++ offers std::async and std::thread for easy thread creation, and std::atomic for atomic operations.
- Locking with std::lock_guard ensures mutexes are released automatically via RAII.
- Exceptions provide a way to handle errors that cannot be ignored, combined with RAII for safe resource cleanup.