Bone Grafts: Everything You Need to Know - PubMed
2 days ago
- #bone regeneration
- #dental biomaterials
- #bone grafts
- Bone substitute biomaterials are essential in periodontology and implant dentistry, but the ideal material is still debated.
- Natural grafts (autograft, allograft, xenograft) and synthetic grafts (alloplasts, composites, CAD-CAM personalized materials) are compared based on osteogenesis, osteoinduction, and osteoconduction.
- Autografts offer living cells and inductive factors but come with donor-site morbidity and unpredictable resorption.
- Processed allografts and xenografts provide reliable osteoconduction and volumetric stability but have reduced inductive potential.
- Modern alloplasts (β-TCP, hydroxyapatite, bioactive glass) achieve comparable outcomes to natural grafts in specific indications, especially for space maintenance.
- Composite strategies combining autogenous chips with xenografts or alloplasts enhance contour stability in procedures like sinus floor elevation and guided bone regeneration.
- Non-autogenous bone grafts are used with biologics in periodontal regeneration when space maintenance is required.
- Bone substitute materials are the gold standard for socket preservation but have limited benefits in peri-implantitis reconstructive surgery.
- CAD-CAM patient-specific scaffolds and peptide-modified matrices improve fit and handling but face cost, manufacturing, and regulatory challenges.
- Bioactive glasses simulate native mineral and avoid unfavorable resorption, especially with strontium or platelet concentrates, but are costly and require strict quality control.
- Cost-effectiveness is crucial, with grafts offering faster healing and fewer reinterventions likely to be widely adopted.
- The future of bone grafts lies in precision biomimetics integrating intelligent drug delivery, personalized design, and rigorous quality control.