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Food as Friend or Foe: A Decadal Narrative Review of Dietary Patterns as Determinants of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology and Clinical Outcomes (2015-2025) - PubMed

7 hours ago
  • #dietary patterns
  • #gastrointestinal health
  • #gut microbiome
  • Diet significantly impacts gastrointestinal health by influencing the gut microbiome, immune response, epithelial barrier, oxidative balance, and epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Western diets high in ultra-processed foods and saturated fats, with low fiber, are linked to microbial dysbiosis, impaired barrier function, and increased inflammation.
  • Mediterranean and plant-forward diets show protective effects against various GI disorders.
  • Short-chain fatty acids from microbiome-derived metabolites play a key mechanistic role in regulating epithelial homeostasis, immune tolerance, and inflammation.
  • Condition-specific diets are clinically important: gluten exclusion for celiac disease, low-FODMAP for IBS, and enteral nutrition or exclusion diets for Crohn's disease.
  • Precision nutrition integrating microbiome profiling and AI is a promising direction for addressing interindividual variability and methodological limitations.