Time course of early and delayed myocardial protection induced by vagal nerve stimulation preconditioning - PubMed
12 hours ago
- #Vagus nerve stimulation
- #Ischemia-reperfusion injury
- #Myocardial protection
- Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) preconditioning induces biphasic myocardial protection against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury.
- Early protection occurs at 5 min, 3 h, and 6 h post-VNS, reducing infarct size (IS) via mAChR activation, Akt/GSK-3β/NOS signaling, and preserved mitochondrial respiration.
- Delayed protection emerges 72 h post-VNS, reducing IS independently of mitochondrial respiration but requiring mAChR and iNOS signaling.
- Early phase protection is blocked by atropine, L-NAME, or 5HD, while delayed phase is blocked by atropine, L-NAME, or 1400W.
- VNS preconditioning offers potential therapeutic benefits for limiting IR injury with distinct mechanisms in each phase.