mRNA vaccines in cancer immunotherapy: current progress and perspectives in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies - PubMed
10 hours ago
- #neoantigens
- #cancer immunotherapy
- #mRNA vaccines
- mRNA vaccines in cancer immunotherapy leverage advancements in mRNA engineering, including structural optimization, nucleoside modification, and codon usage, to improve stability, translation efficiency, and immune modulation.
- Various antigen strategies are highlighted, such as tumor-associated antigens, neoantigens, cryptic antigens, aberrant splicing variants, and transposable element-derived antigens for vaccine development.
- Key delivery platforms include lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and dendritic cell-based systems, which enhance mRNA biodistribution and immune activation in tumor therapy.
- mRNA vaccines stimulate antitumor responses by encoding antigens, modulating the tumor microenvironment, and supporting adoptive T cell therapies.
- Clinical applications involve combining mRNA vaccines with immune checkpoint inhibitors for treating solid tumors (e.g., melanoma, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma) and hematologic malignancies (e.g., AML, MDS, multiple myeloma).
- Emerging innovations feature targeted LNP platforms for in vivo CAR-T/TCR-T engineering and AI-assisted vaccine design, indicating transformative potential in cancer immunotherapy.