Multi-omics study on tumor-associated macrophages remodeling the tumor microenvironment via the CXCL5-CXCR2 axis to drive immune escape in bladder cancer - PubMed
12 hours ago
- #Tumor Microenvironment
- #Immunotherapy
- #Bladder Cancer
- PD-1/L1 inhibitors improve prognosis in advanced bladder cancer, but remission rates remain below 25%.
- Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and chemokines play critical roles in the tumor microenvironment (TME), affecting progression and immunotherapy efficacy.
- M2 macrophages correlate with higher clinical staging and resistance to immunotherapy in bladder cancer.
- CXCL5+ TAMs are linked to poor overall survival but better immunotherapy response, while FOLR2+ TAMs correlate with poor survival and immunotherapy resistance.
- The CXCL5-CXCR2-NF-κB axis promotes PD-L1 expression, immunosuppressive TME formation, and bladder cancer cell migration, proliferation, and metastasis.
- This axis also enhances IDO1 expression in macrophages and improves immunotherapy efficacy.
- The CXCL5-CXCR2 axis mediates crosstalk between bladder cancer cells and macrophages, driving tumor growth, immune escape, and cisplatin tolerance.
- Tumor cells induce macrophage polarization and reshape the immunosuppressive TME.