A critical guideline for controlling monocyte-derived macrophages phenotypes - PubMed
12 hours ago
- #immune cells
- #inflammation
- #macrophage
- Macrophages (MΦ) are highly heterogeneous and adaptable innate immune cells present in all human tissues from mid-gestation.
- MΦ play roles beyond phagocytosis, including tissue homeostasis, repair, and immune regulation involving adaptive immunity.
- MΦ originate from embryonic progenitors or bone marrow, with phenotypes shaped by tissue-specific microenvironments.
- MΦ can polarize into pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) states, crucial for infection resolution, tissue repair, and immune balance.
- Dysregulated MΦ polarization is linked to chronic inflammation, cancer, and fibrosis.
- Tissue-resident MΦ study is limited by isolation, maintenance, and donor variability challenges.
- Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) offer an easier in vitro model for human MΦ biology but differ from tissue-resident MΦ in origin and function.
- This review discusses MDM-based models, differentiation protocols, and strategies to improve reproducibility and physiological relevance in macrophage research.