Immune dysregulation in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: mechanistic controversies and clinical translation from inflammatory dysregulation and immune evasion to chronic injury - PubMed
7 hours ago
- #immune dysregulation
- #chronic lung injury
- #Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a major cause of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia, with varying severity from mild to chronic lung injury.
- Three contested processes explain MP pneumonia (MPP) pathogenesis: acute immune dysregulation, immune evasion, and chronic injury phases.
- Acute phase involves excessive cytokine release and abnormal immune cell activation, but its regulation is unclear.
- MP evades host defenses using adhesion proteins, CARDS toxins, and genomic plasticity, leading to persistent infections.
- Macrolide antibiotics are primary treatment, but face limitations due to drug resistance and lack of immunopathological interventions.
- Chronic phase features sustained immune activation and abnormal repair, causing lung fibrosis, with unclear immunological mechanisms.
- Review highlights unresolved immunopathological bottlenecks and potential immune-targeted interventions beyond antibiotics.