Celiac Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutic Strategies - PubMed
3 hours ago
- #Gluten-Free Diet
- #Celiac Disease
- #Autoimmune Disorder
- Celiac disease is a T-cell-mediated enteropathy triggered by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals, with an estimated global prevalence of about 1%.
- Genetic predisposition primarily involves HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 haplotypes, though other genes also contribute, and symptoms vary widely, including gastrointestinal and extraintestinal manifestations, leading to underdiagnosis.
- Diagnosis relies on positive serologic tests (e.g., IgA tissue transglutaminase) and characteristic histological findings from duodenal biopsy, with symptom resolution on a gluten-free diet (GFD) confirming the condition.
- Untreated celiac disease can lead to complications like osteoporosis, malnutrition, vitamin deficiencies, and small bowel lymphoma.
- A strict GFD is the only effective treatment, improving symptoms within weeks, but adherence is challenging and often socially isolating, necessitating a multidisciplinary management approach.
- Non-dietary therapeutic strategies are under investigation, highlighting emerging approaches to complement or replace the gluten-free diet.