Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: New frontiers in diagnosis and therapy - PubMed
a day ago
- #Diagnosis and therapy
- #Novel treatments
- #Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemias (AIHA) include warm AIHA (wAIHA) and cold agglutinin disease (CAD), differing in antibody types and temperature sensitivity.
- Diagnosis relies on the direct antiglobulin test (DAT), with variations in methods affecting sensitivity and specificity. New techniques like DAT by flow-cytometry aid in diagnosing DAT-negative cases.
- Therapy differs between wAIHA and CAD: steroids first-line for wAIHA, rituximab for CAD, with additional options like splenectomy, immunosuppressors, and complement inhibitors (e.g., sutimlimab).
- Refractory cases may benefit from plasmacell-directed therapies (bortezomib, daratumumab) and emerging treatments targeting Bruton's kinase, spleen tyrosine kinases, neonatal Fc receptor, cytokines, and bi-specific monoclonal antibodies.