From Steatosis to Metastasis: Microenvironmental Reprogramming of the Liver in MASLD - PubMed
6 hours ago
- #MASLD
- #tumor microenvironment
- #liver metastasis
- MASLD is identified as a risk factor for primary liver cancer and extrahepatic cancers due to creating a fibrotic, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
- Key mechanisms promoting colorectal liver metastasis in steatotic livers include extracellular vesicles with oncogenic microRNAs, hyaluronic acid production via hyaluronan synthase 2, M2-polarized macrophage infiltration, and Yes-associated protein signaling.
- The review highlights pathways in pre- and pro-metastatic niches, such as extracellular vesicle communication, tumor-stromal fibroblast feedback loops, and hyaluronic acid-induced matrix remodeling and immune modulation, which impair antitumor immunity.
- Targeting hyaluronic acid synthesis, interleukin-1 signaling, or CXCR2 may restore antitumor immunity and enhance responses to programmed cell death protein-1 blockade, offering therapeutic promise for colorectal cancer liver metastasis.