Heterogeneous tumor microenvironment - A hallmark of ameloblastoma invasive phenotype - PubMed
4 hours ago
- #Bone Resorption
- #Tumor Microenvironment
- #Ameloblastoma
- Ameloblastoma's invasive growth is driven by a complex tumor microenvironment involving interactions between tumor cells, stromal cells, immune cells, and non-cellular components.
- Key signaling pathways (MAPK, Hedgehog, Wnt/β-catenin) and hypoxic niches promote matrix degradation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling to facilitate tumor spread.
- Molecular crosstalk (via IL-6, TGF-β, CTGF) and osteoclast activation (through RANKL/OPG ratio) underpin bone destruction and collective invasion, while immune evasion mechanisms like PD-L1 expression weaken anti-tumor responses.
- Targeted therapy opportunities include inhibitors of BRAF/MEK, Hedgehog signaling, TGF-β axis, angiogenesis, immune checkpoints, and RANKL-directed treatments.