The Great Downzoning
12 days ago
- #zoning laws
- #urban planning
- #housing policy
- The Great Downzoning refers to the widespread ban on densification in Western cities, leading to housing shortages.
- Initially, cities allowed high-density constructions, but by the mid-20th century, strict zoning laws limited building heights and densities.
- Anti-density views among planners and officials contributed to the Downzoning, but material interests of property owners played a significant role.
- Covenants in 19th-century suburbs aimed to preserve neighborhood character but were often ineffective without state enforcement.
- Public zoning laws, introduced in the early 20th century, were more effective in maintaining low-density suburbs.
- Planners' attempts to lower greenfield development densities often failed due to resistance from landowners.
- Rent controls in France and Germany unintentionally led to low-density suburbs by making apartment construction unprofitable.
- Modern planners advocate for density, but suburban homeowners resist changes that could reduce property values.
- Reforms like street votes in South Tottenham show potential for upzoning where homeowners see economic benefits.
- Housing shortages are concentrated in major cities, while many areas still benefit from low-density zoning.