A brief history of NSA backdoors. (2013)

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The British and US governments sold compromised Enigma machines post-WW2 to allies and former colonies, enabling espionage for decades.
The 'Boris Project' involved weakening Crypto AG ciphers for NSA access to NATO communications, continuing possibly to the present.
DES was altered by the NSA to reduce key size, making brute force attacks feasible.
The Clipper Chip, proposed in 1993, was a publicly acknowledged backdoor for voice communications, but was never widely adopted.
Lotus Notes was weakened at the NSA's request, compromising documents and emails globally.
Actel ProASIC3 FPGAs were found to contain a deliberate backdoor, used in critical US systems.
Dual_EC_DRBG, a random number generator, was backdoored by the NSA and promoted as a standard.
The NSA's SIGINT project aimed to backdoor encryption chips, with Cavium CPUs identified as compromised.
Trusted Computing Platforms were targeted by the NSA for exploitation, raising concerns in Germany.
The NSA intercepted and implanted backdoors in computer equipment during transit, targeting airgapped networks.

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