Intrathecal immunoglobulin production in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system - PubMed
2 days ago
- #Biomarkers
- #Central nervous system
- #Autoimmune diseases
- Intrathecal immunoglobulin production is key in diagnosing CNS autoimmune diseases like MS, MOGAD, NMOSD-AQP4, and AE.
- IgG oligoclonal bands (OCBs) and the kappa index are primary diagnostic tools, with OCBs being the gold standard.
- In MS, both OCBs and kappa index have diagnostic and prognostic value, with potential for therapy monitoring.
- MOGAD and NMOSD-AQP4 typically show absence of OCBs and negative kappa index, aiding their diagnosis.
- OCBs are part of diagnostic criteria for NMDAR encephalitis and seronegative AE, also serving as a prognosis factor.
- Future monitoring may combine intrathecal immunoglobulin detection with biomarkers like sNfL and GFAP for neuronal and astrocytic damage.