Zellij
9 days ago
- #Islamic art
- #Moroccan architecture
- #Geometric patterns
- Zellij is a style of mosaic tilework made from hand-chiseled tile pieces, forming intricate Islamic geometric patterns.
- Originating in the western Islamic world, zellij is prominent in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and historic al-Andalus (Iberian Peninsula).
- Zellij became a standard decorative element from the 14th century, used on walls, fountains, minarets, and floors.
- After the 15th century, zellij fell out of fashion in most regions except Morocco, where it remains a cultural hallmark.
- The word 'zellij' derives from the Arabic verb 'zalaja' (to slide), referencing the tiles' smooth, glazed surface.
- Zellij patterns are based on tessellations, often featuring radiating star motifs and polygons, avoiding depictions of living beings.
- The technique likely originated from Byzantine mosaics, adapted by Muslim craftsmen in the 10th–13th centuries.
- Fez, Morocco, is the primary center of zellij production, with craftsmen training for years to master the art.
- Zellij influenced Spanish tilework (azulejos) and inspired artists like M.C. Escher with its geometric tessellations.
- Modern zellij incorporates new colors and designs, seen in landmarks like the Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca.