How Acute and Chronic Exercise Regulate Muscle Atrophic Genes to Mitigate Sarcopenia: A Narrative Review - PubMed
8 days ago
- #muscle atrophy
- #sarcopenia
- #exercise physiology
- Muscle atrophy is a reduction in muscle mass and strength due to decreased fiber size and protein content.
- Causes include physical inactivity, aging, starvation, limb immobilization, and conditions like cancer, diabetes, and chronic heart failure.
- Physical inactivity increases inflammation (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), glucocorticoids, and disrupts growth signaling (GH/IGF-1, testosterone, myostatin).
- Reduced Akt phosphorylation leads to FoxO nuclear translocation, activating atrophy genes (ATROGIN-1, MuRF-1) and the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
- Sarcopenia in the elderly involves muscle loss, increased fat, and higher risks of chronic diseases and falls.
- Exercise mitigates atrophy by enhancing muscle protein synthesis (mTOR pathway) and suppressing degradation (ATROGIN-1, MuRF-1).
- This review explores MuRF-1 and ATROGIN-1 mechanisms and their regulation via acute/chronic exercise in clinical and experimental settings.