Vitamin D3 as an immunomodulatory agent: molecular mechanisms, clinical translation, and precision therapeutic strategies - PubMed
3 hours ago
- #vitamin D3
- #immunomodulation
- #precision medicine
- Vitamin D3 (VitD3) deficiency affects over one billion individuals globally and is a modifiable risk factor for immune-mediated diseases.
- Vitamin D3 regulates immune homeostasis through vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling, impacting both innate and adaptive immunity.
- Mechanistically, Vitamin D3 balances antimicrobial defense and inflammatory suppression by inhibiting pro-inflammatory pathways like NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome, while activating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense.
- Immunomodulatory effects of Vitamin D3 vary significantly among individuals, influenced by factors like serum 25(OH)D levels and VDR gene polymorphisms.
- Precision medicine approaches are shifting from empirical Vitamin D3 supplementation to biomarker-guided strategies.
- Novel delivery systems (nanoemulsions, twin-screw extrusion, liposomes) enhance the bioavailability and stability of Vitamin D3 preparations.
- Clinical applications of Vitamin D3 are reviewed in conditions like psoriasis, SLE, RA, T1DM, and IBD, highlighting its therapeutic potential.