Pharmacological interactions between asthma and T2DM therapies: clinical and metabolic implications - PubMed

8 days ago

Asthma and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) share overlapping immunometabolic pathways.
Systemic corticosteroids and high-dose inhaled corticosteroids increase the risk of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia.
β2-agonists may acutely raise glucose levels, while leukotriene antagonists and LAMAs have minimal metabolic impact.
Biologics like dupilumab indirectly benefit metabolic control by allowing steroid reduction.
Metformin and GLP-1 receptor agonists improve asthma outcomes, and SGLT2 inhibitors show promising signals.
Insulin may worsen airway hyperresponsiveness through proliferative and immunologic pathways.
Clinicians must consider these interactions, especially in type 2-low and obesity-associated asthma.
Evidence-based guidance is lacking, highlighting the need for integrated, phenotype-driven approaches.

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