Adipose stem cell-derived exosomes as emerging neurotherapeutics in obesity induced diabetic neuropathy - PubMed
4 hours ago
- #Nerve regeneration
- #Diabetic neuropathy
- #Stem cell therapy
- Obesity exacerbates systemic inflammation and insulin resistance, leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
- About half of T2DM patients develop diabetic neuropathy, which lacks regenerative treatments.
- Adipose stem cell-derived exosomes (ADSC-EXOs) are emerging as a promising cell-free therapy for nerve regeneration.
- ADSC-EXOs carry regulatory miRNAs, angiogenic, and neurotrophic factors, avoiding immune rejection and tumorigenicity.
- Engineered ADSC-EXOs with therapeutic miRNAs improve axonal regrowth and remyelination.
- ADSC-EXOs enhance insulin signaling and glucose metabolism via the PI3K/Akt pathway and exosomal miRNAs like miR-155.
- They downregulate neuroinflammation by inhibiting NF-κB/MAPK signaling and polarizing macrophages/microglia to anti-inflammatory phenotypes.
- ADSC-EXOs restore mitochondrial function and ATP production in damaged neurons and support Schwann cell activity.
- These combined effects create a pro-regenerative environment for functional nerve repair in diabetic neuropathy.