From soluble uric acid to sodium urate crystal: immune metabolic inflammation driven by uric acid morphological transformation and mechanism-oriented therapy - PubMed

4 hours ago

Uric acid has complex bidirectional effects on human physiology, influenced by its antioxidant capacity, metabolic regulatory roles, and pro-inflammatory properties.
The continuum from soluble uric acid (SUA) to amorphous monosodium urate (AMSU) and crystalline monosodium urate (MSU) is explored, with AMSU proposed as a transitional intermediate.
AMSU may act as a buffering stage between crystallization and inflammatory activation, linking urate phase transitions to immune-metabolic signaling.
SUA plays physiological roles in maintaining redox homeostasis and regulating metabolism, while hyperuricemia contributes to chronic organ damage via impaired autophagy and metabolic inflammation.
MSU crystal formation triggers acute inflammatory responses through the TLR-NLRP3 two-signal model, leading to chronic tissue remodeling and progressive pathology.
The review connects mechanistic insights to therapeutic strategies, advocating for stage-specific and mechanism-oriented interventions.
An integrated perspective on hyperuricemia-associated diseases is provided, suggesting directions for future targeted therapeutic research.

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